prep

• Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
  "I was aghast by what I saw."
• (with the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
  "sold by the yard; cheaper if bought by the gross"
• (mathematics) multiplied by or (chiefly South Asia) divided by
• (horse breeding) Designates a horse's male parent (sire); cf. out of.
  "She's a lovely little filly, by Big Lad, out of Damsel in Distress."

adv

• (uncommon outside the phrase 'put by') Aside, away.
  "The women spent much time after harvest putting jams by for winter and spring."

name

• (rail transport) The station code of Byculla railway station in India.

noun

• (copyright law) Abbreviation of attribution.