noun

• (uncountable) A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.
  "Miss Thorn began digging up the turf with her lofter: it was a painful moment for me. ¶ “You might at least have tried me, Mrs. Cooke,” I said."
• (countable) A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc.
  ""It's an old custom the people had when they bought and sold land. They used to cut out a clod and hand it over to the buyer, and you weren't lawfully seised of your land - it didn't really belong to you - till the other fellow had actually given you a piece of it - like this." He held out the turves."
• (countable) A block of peat used as fuel.
  "In ordinary peat-bogs, however, where turves are cut, there is always a large percentage of waste peat resulting from the digging, drying or transport of the turves, which can be utilized only by moulding it."
• (uncountable, countable) A thick, carpet-like bed of algae.
  "The turf layer is made up of filamentous and thallose red algae."

verb

• (Ultimate Frisbee) To throw a frisbee well short of its intended target, usually causing it to hit the ground within 10 yards of its release.
• (business) To fire from a job or dismiss from a task.
  "Eight managers were turfed after the merger of the two companies."
• (business) To cancel a project or product.
  "The company turfed the concept car because the prototype performed poorly."
• (informal, transitive) To expel, eject, or throw out; to turf out.
  "He has the mistaken idea that he is a lap dog, and loves to be nursed, especially by ladies, but eighty-five pounds on your lap is no joke, and he can never understand why he gets turfed off."